Rafael Escamilla, PT, PhD
Professor
Education:
Master of Physical Therapy,
Elon University, Elon College, NC,
Department of Physical Therapy Education
Doctor of Philosophy,
Auburn University, Auburn, AL
Department of Health and Human Performance
Major Area of Study: Biomechanics
Minor Area of Study: Exercise Physiology; Nutrition
Master of Science,
Washington State University, Pullman
Washington, Department of Physical Education
Major Area of Study: Biomechanics
Minor Area of Study: Exercise Physiology
Bachelor of Arts,
Linfield College, McMinnville, Oregon
Department of Mathematics and Department of Physical Education
Double Major in Mathematics and Physical Education.
Associate of Arts,
Walla Walla Community College,
Walla Walla, Washington.
Complete Vita for Dr. Escamilla
Book Chapter Publications:
Escamilla, R.F. Electromyographic activity during upper extremity sports. In K.E. Wilk, M.M. Reinold, & J.R. Andrews (Eds), The Athletes Shoulder. Elsevier: Philadelphia, In Press.
Escamilla, R.F. Open and closed kinetic chain rehabilitation for the upper extremity. In K.E. Wilk, M.M. Reinold, & J.R. Andrews (Eds), The Athletes Shoulder. Elsevier: Philadelphia, In Press.
Escamilla, R.F. Exercise testing and prescription. In K.P. Speer (Ed), Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation for Active Older Adults (pp. 19-47). Human Kinetics: Champaign, 2005.
Escamilla, R.F. & Wickham, R. Exercise based conditioning and rehabilitation. In G. Kolt & L. Snyder-Mackler (Eds), Physical Therapies in Sports and Exercise. Churchill Livingstone: 2003.
Escamilla, R.F., Lander, J.E., & Garhammer, J. Biomechanics of Powerlifting and Weightlifting Exercises. In W.E. Garrett & D.T. Kirkendall (Eds), Exercise and Sport Science (pp. 585-615). Lippincott Williams & Wilkens: Philadelphia, 2000.
Fleisig, G.S., Escamilla, R.F., & Barrentine, S.W. Biomechanics of pitching: mechanism and motion analysis. In J.R. Andrews, B. Zarins, & K.E. Wilk (Eds.), Injuries in Baseball
(pp. 3-22). Lippincott Raven: Philadelphia, 1998.
Fleisig, G.S., Escamilla, R.F., & Andrews, J.R. Biomechanics of throwing. In
J.E. Zachazewski, D.J. Magee, & W.S. Quillen, (Eds.), Athletic Injuries and Rehabilitation (pp. 332-353). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1996.
Escamilla, R.F. Normal and abnormal muscle and ligament physiology. In G.J.
Sammarco (Ed.), Rehabilitation of The Foot and Ankle (pp. 77-94). St. Louis: Mosby, 1995.
Referred Journal Publications:
Taylor, M.K., Hodgdon, J.A., Griswold, L., Miller, A., Roberts, D., Escamilla, R. The effects of cervical resistance training on isometric and dynamic strength. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, In Press.
Escamilla, R.F., Barrentine, S.W., Fleisig, G.S. Zheng, N., Takada, Y., Kingsley, D., & Andrews, J.R. Pitching biomechanics as a pitcher approaches muscular during a simulated baseball game. American Journal of Sports Medicine, In Press.
Hreljac, A., Imamura, R., Escamilla, R.F., & Edwards, W.B. Effects of changing protocol, grade, and direction on the preferred gait transition speed during human locomotion. Gait and Posture, In Press.
Imamura, R.T., Hreljac, A., Escamilla, R.F., & Edwards, W.B. A three-dimensional analysis of the center of mass for three different judo throwing techniques. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 5:2, 122-131, 2006.
Escamilla, R.F., Babb, E., DeWitt, R., Jew, P., Kelleher, P., Burnham, T., Busch, J., D’Anna, K., Mowbray, R., & Imamura, R.T. An Electromyographic Analysis of Traditional and Non-Traditional Abdominal Exercises: Implications for Rehabilitation and Training. Physical Therapy, 86:5, 656-671, 2006.
Fleisig, G.S., Kingsley, D., Loftice, J., Dinnen, K., Ranganathan, R., Dun, S., Escamilla, R.F., & Andrews, J.R.. Kinetic comparison among the fastball, curveball, slider, and change-up in collegiate baseball pitchers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34:3, 423-430, 2006.
Escamilla, R.F., McTaggart, M.S.C., Fricklas, E.J., DeWitt, R., Kelleher, P., Taylor, M.K., Hreljac, A., & Moorman, C.T. An Electromyographic Analysis of Commercial and Common Abdominal Exercises: Implications for Rehabilitation and Training. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 36:2, 45-57, 2006.
Hreljac, A., Imamura, R., Escamilla, R.F., Casebolt, J., & Sison, M. Preferred and energetically optimal transition speeds during backward human locomotion. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 4: 446-454, 2005.
Elliott, B., Fleisig, G.S., Nicholls, R., & Escamilla, R.F. Technique effects on upper limb loading in the tennis serve. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 6(1): 76-87, 2003.
Fleisig, G.S., Nicholls, R.L., Elliott, B.C., Escamilla, R.F. Kinematics used by world class tennis players to produce high-velocity serves. Sports Biomechanics, 2(1): 51-64, 2003.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Andrews, J.R., & Moorman, C.T., III. Kinematic and kinetic comparisons between American and Korean professional baseball pitchers. Sports Biomechanics, 1(2): 213-228, 2002.
Escamilla, R.F., Francisco, A.C., Kayes, A.V., Speer, K.P., & Moorman, C.T., III. An electromyographic analysis of sumo and conventional style deadlifts. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(4): 682-688, 2002.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Zheng, N., Lander, J.E., Barrentine, S.W., Bergemann, B.W., Andrews, J.R., & Moorman, C.T., III. Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the dynamic squat and leg press exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(9): 1552-1566, 2001.
Escamilla, R.F., Lowry, T.M., Osbaryl, D.C., & Speer, K.P. A biomechanical analysis of sumo and conventional deadlifts during the 1999 special olympics world games. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(8): 1345-1353, 2001.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Lowry, T.M., Barrentine, S.W., & Andrews, J.R. A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of the squat during varying stance widths. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(6): 984-998, 2001.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Zheng, N., Barrentine, S.W., & Andrews, J.R. Kinematic comparisons of 1996 Olympic baseball pitchers. Journal of Sports Science, 19: 665-676, 2001.
Matsuo, T., Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., & Andrews, J.A. Contributions of
factors based on kinematic relationship to the inter-subject variability of baseball pitch velocity. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 17(1): 1-13, 2001.
Escamilla, R.F. Knee biomechanics of the dynamic squat exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(1): 127-141, 2001.
Escamilla, R.F., Francisco, A.C., Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Welch, C.M., Kayes, A.V., Speer, K.P., & Andrews, J.R. A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of sumo and conventional style deadlifts. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32 (7): 1265-1275, 2000.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Andrews, J.R, & Speer, K.P. Effects of throwing overweight and underweight balls on baseball throwing and pitching. Sports Medicine, 29(4): 259-272, 2000.
Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Zheng, N., Escamilla, R.F., & Andrews, J.R. Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development. Journal of Biomechanics, 32(12):1371-1375, 1999.
Jones, K., Hunter, G., Fleisig, G., Escamilla, R., & Lemak, L. The effects of compensatory
acceleration on upper-body strength and power in collegiate football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 13(2):99-105, 1999.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Zheng, N., Barrentine, S.W., Wilk, K.E., & Andrews, J.R.
Biomechanics of the knee during closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain
exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(4): 556-569, 1998.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Zheng, N., & Andrews, J.R. Kinematic
comparisons of throwing different types of baseball pitches. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 14(1):1-23, 1998.
Barrentine, S.W., Matsuo, T., Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., & Andrews, J.R. Kinematic
analysis of the wrist and forearm during baseball pitching. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 14(1):24-39, 1998.
Barrentine, S.W., Fleisig, G.S., Whiteside, J.A., Escamilla, R.F., & Andrews, J.R. Biomechanics of windmill softball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms at the shoulder and elbow. Journal of Orthopaedic Sports Physical Therapy, 28(6):405-14, 1998.
Zheng, N., Fleisig, G.S., Escamilla, R.F., & Barrentine, S.W. An analytical model of the knee for estimation of internal forces during exercises. Journal of Biomechanics, 31(10):963-7, 1998.
Wilk, K.E., Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Andrews, J.R., & Boyd, M.L. A comparison of tibiofemoral joint forces and electromyography activity during open and closed kinetic chain exercises. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(4):518-527, 1996.
Fleisig, G.S., Escamilla, R.F., Andrews, J.R., Matsuo, T., Satterwhite, Y., & Barrentine,
S.W. Kinematic and kinetic comparison between baseball pitching and football passing. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 12(2):207-224, 1996.
Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., & Escamilla, R.F. Biomechanics of Overhand throwing
with implications for injuries. Sports Medicine, 21(6):421-437, 1996.
Fleisig, G.S. & Escamilla, R.F. Biomechanics of the elbow in the throwing athlete. Operative
Techniques in Sports Medicine, 4(2):62-68, 1996.
Wilk, K.E., Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Arrigo, C.A., & Barrentine, S.W. Open and
closed kinetic chain exercise for the lower extremity: theory and clinical application. Athletic Training, 1(4): 336-346, 1995.
Fleisig, G.S., Andrews, J.R., Dillman, C.J., & Escamilla, R.F. Kinetics of baseball pitching
with implications about injury mechanisms. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(2): 233-239, 1995.
Published Conference Abstracts/Proceedings:
Escamilla, R.F., Zheng, N., Hreljac, A., Imamura, R., MacLeod, T.D., Edwards, W.B., Fleisig, G.S., & Wilk, K.E. Patellofemoral forces and stresses during lunge exercises. Conference Proceedings for the 30th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, 2006.
Escamilla, R.F., Zheng, N., Hreljac, A., Imamura, R., MacLeod, T.D., Edwards, W.B., Fleisig, G.S., & Wilk, K.E. Patellofemoral forces and stresses during squat exercises. Conference Proceedings for the 30th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, 2006.
Hreljac, A., Inamura, R., Escamilla, R.F., MacLeod, T.D., Kawada, J., Krogh, S., & Stafford, J. Ankle and knee joint Kinetics in runners with and without lower extremity overuse injuries. Conference Proceedings for the 30th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, 2006.
Escamilla, R.F., Bonacci, L., Burnham, T., Busch, J., D’Anna, K., Edwards, B., Eliopoulos, P., MacLeod, T., Hreljac, A., Imamura, R.T., & Mowbray, R. A biomechanical analysis of squatting and lunging type exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5): 2006.
Barakatt, E.T., Ingram, J., Escamilla, R.F., Andry, D., Ferreira, R., Ma, Z., Randall, P., Smith, M., and Smith, R. The validity of an inclinometer/valiper tool for measuring intrapelvic motion. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 36:1, A28, 2006.
Hreljac, A., Inamura, R., Edwards, B., & Escamilla, R.F. Kinetic factors influencing the gait transition speed during human locomotion. Conference Proceedings for the 29th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, 2005.
Escamilla, R.F., Babb, E., DeWitt, R., Jew, P., Kelleher, P., Burnham, T., Busch, J., D’Anna, K., and Mowbray, R. An electromyographic analysis of traditional and non-traditional abdominal exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(5): 2005.
Escamilla, R.F., Barrentine, S.W., Fleisig, G.S., Zheng, N., Takada, Y., & Andrews, J.R. Pitching biomechanics as a pitcher approaches fatigue during a simulated baseball game. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Engineering of Sport. In Hubbard, M., Mehta, R.D., & Pallis, J.M. (eds.), The Engineering of Sport 5, Vol 1: 196-202, Davis, CA, 2004.
Hreljac, A., Inamura, R., Edwards, B., & Escamilla, R.F. Effects of changing protocol, grade, and direction on the preferred gait transition speed during human locomotion. Conference Proceedings for the 28th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, Portland, OR, X-CD Technologies Inc., 2004.
Escamilla, R.F., Tonini, C.D., Lai, I.Y., Lowry, T.M., Hreljac, A., and Imamura, R.T. Biomechanical analysis of sumo and conventional deadlifts in females during the special Olympics world games. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5): S322, 2003.
Escamilla, R.F., Wilk, K.E., Snyder-Mackler, L., Fleisig, G.S., Fleming, B.C. Knee biomechanics during rehabilitation exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5): S183, 2001.
Escamilla, R.F., Lowry, T.M., Osbahr, D.C., & Speer, K.P. Biomechanical analysis of the deadlift during the 1999 special olympics world games. Conference Proceedings for the XIX International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, San Francisco, CA: 63-67, 2001.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Andrews, J.R., & Speer, K.P. Kinetic comparisons between american and korean professional baseball pitchers. Conference Proceedings for the 24th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, Chicago, IL: 263-264, 2000.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Lowry, T.M., Barrentine, S.W., Speer, K.P., & Andrews, J.R. A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of the squat during varying stance widths. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5): S197, 2000.
Speer, K.P., Escamilla, R.F., Higgins, L.D., Press, J.M., & Toth, A. The greying of sports medicine: treating the active patient over the age of 60. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5): S121, 2000.
Escamilla, R.F., Francisco, A.C., Fleisig, G.S., Welch, C.M., Barrentine, S.W., Kayes, A.V., & Andrews, J.R. A three dimensional kinetic analysis of sumo and conventional style deadlifts. Conferences Proceedings for the American Society of Biomechanics 23rd Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA: 152, 1999.
Fleisig, G.S., Matsuo, T., Escamilla, R.F., Barrentine, S.W., & Andrews, J.R. Kinematic differences between highly-skilled and less-skilled baseball pitchers. Conference Proceedings for the American Society of Biomechanics 23rd Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA: 140, 1999.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Zheng, N., Barrentine, S.W., and Andrews, J.R. Kinematic comparisons of 1996 Olympic baseball pitchers. Conference Proceedings for the International Society of Biomechanics XVIIth Congress, Calgary, Alberta, Canada: 922, 1999.
Fleisig, G.S., Andrews, J.R., Dillman, C.J., Escamilla, R.F., Barrentine, S.W., Zheng, N., and Jameson, E.G. Enhancing throwing performance and safety through biomechanics. Conference Proceedings for the International Society of Biomechanics XVIIth Congress, Calgary, Alberta, Canada: 144, 1999.
Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Zheng, N., Escamilla, R.F., Andrews, J.R., Nicholls, R.L., Elliott, B.C., Lyman, S.L., Osinsk, E.D. A practical evaluation tool for baseball pitching biomechanics. Conference Proceedings fro the Fifth IOC World Congress on Sport Sciences, Canberra, Australia, 1999.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., and Andrews, J.R. Kinematic comparisons between american and korean professional baseball pitchers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5): S40, 1999.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Zheng, N., Barrentine, S.W., Wilk, K.E., & Andrews, J.R. Biomechanics of the knee during closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5): S48, 1998.
Fleisig, G.S., Escamilla, R.F., Barrentine, S.W., Zheng, N., & Andrews, J.R. Baseball pitching
biomechanics at various levels of development. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5): S172, 1998.
Escamilla, R.F., Zheng, N., Fleisig, G.S., Lander, J.E., Barrentine, S.W., Cutter, G.R., &
Andrews, J.R. The effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the squat and leg press. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5S): S156, 1997.
Zheng, N., Fleisig, G.S., Escamilla, R.F., Barrentine, S.W. Quasistatic model of the knee during exercise. Conference Proceedings of the 1997 16th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, Biloxi, MI: 147-50, 1997.
Fleisig, G.S., Escamilla, R.F., Barrentine, S.W., Zheng, N., & Andrews, J.R. Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching from a mound and throwing from flat ground. In American Society of Biomechanics: Conference Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA: 153-54, 1996.
Zheng, N., Fleisig, G.S., Escamilla, R.F., Barrentine, S.W., Wilk, K.E., & Andrews, J.R. Forces of the knee during open and closed kinetic chain exercises. In American Society of Biomechanics: Conference Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA: 75-76, 1996.
Fleisig, G.S., Zheng, N., Barrentine, S.W., Escamilla, R.F., Andrews, J.R., & Lemak, L.J. Kinematic and kinetic comparison of full-effort and partial-effort baseball pitching.. In American Society of Biomechanics: Conference Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA: 151-52, 1996.
Fleisig, G.S., Zheng, N., Barrentine, S.W., Escamilla, R.F., Andrews, J.R., & Lemak, L.J. Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching from a mound and throwing from flat ground. In American Society of Biomechanics: Conference Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA: 153-54, 1996.
Escamilla, R.F. The effects of technique variations on the knee forces and muscle activity during the squat and leg press. Third IOC World Congress on Sport Sciences Congress Proceedings, Atlanta, Georgia: 278, 1995.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Alexander, J.R., & Andrews, J.R. A kinematic and kinetic
comparison while throwing different types of baseball pitches. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26(5S): S175, 1994.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Alexander, E., & Andrews, J.R. A kinematic and kinetic comparison while throwing different types of baseball pitches. Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial Conference of the Canadian Society for Biomechanics, Calgary, Alberta, Canada: 232-33, 1994.
Fleisig, G.S., Escamilla, R.F., Andrews, J.R., & Feldman, D.S. The biomechanics of baseball
pitching injuries: Kinematic factors related to increased kinetics. Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial Conference of the Canadian Society for Biomechanics, Calgary, Alberta, Canada: 296-297, 1994.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., & Andrews, J.R. A kinematic and kinetic comparison between
baseball pitching and football passing. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25(5S): S131, 1993.
Escamilla, R.F. & Sawhill, J. Cinematographical examination of powerlifting aids in squatting.
Proceedings of the sixth International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports. In Kreighbaum, E. & McNeill (eds.), Biomechanics in Sports VI, The International Society of Biomechanics in Sports: 207-223, Bozeman, MT, 1990.
