Rafael Escamilla, Ph.D., P.T., C.S.C.S., F.A.C.S.M.
Professor
E-mail: rescamil@csus.edu
Phone: 916-278-6930
Fax: 916-278-5053
Mailing Address:
Department of Physical Therapy
California State University, Sacramento
Solano Hall, Room 4026
6000 J Street
Sacramento, CA 95819-6020
Professional Interests and Brief Biography:
Dr Escamilla is currently a Professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at California State University, Sacramento, where he teaches biomechanics related courses. He previously served as Professor in the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery at Duke University Medical Center, served as director of the Michael W. Krzyzewski Human Performance Laboratory, and taught biomechanics related courses in the Doctor of Physical Therapy program at Duke University. Dr Escamilla received a Ph.D. Degree in Biomechanics from Auburn University in 1995, and a Master of Physical Therapy degree from Elon University in 2002. His area of expertise is in Sports Medicine and Sports Biomechanics. He has published over 50 scientific papers in peer reviewed journals and written numerous book chapters in sports medicine related textbooks. He has given over 100 professional presentations at scientific conferences, primarily in the areas of knee biomechanics during rehabilitation exercises, overhead throwing biomechanics, and strength and conditioning. Dr Escamilla is a Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine, a member of the American Physical Therapy Association and the American Society for Biomechanics, and has received numerous sported medicine related awards and honors. Dr Escamilla has won three national and international powerlifting championships, and played 4 years of collegiate football and 1 year each of collegiate baseball and track.
Education:
M.P.T., Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon College, NC
Ph.D., Biomechanics, Department of Health and Human Performance, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
M.S., Biomechanics, Department of Physical Education, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
B.A., Mathematics and Physical Education, Department of Mathematics and Department of Physical Education, Linfield College, McMinnville, OR
Select Sample of First Author Publications:
Escamilla, R.F., Yamashiro, K., Paulos, L., & Andrews, J.R. Shoulder Muscle Activity and Function in Common Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises. Sports Medicine, 39(8): 663-685, 2009.
Escamilla, R.F. & Andrews, J.R. Shoulder muscle recruitment patterns and related biomechanics during upper extremity sports. Sports Medicine, 39(7): 569-590, 2009.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., DeRenne, C., Taylor, M.K., Moorman, C.T., Imamura, R., Barakatt, E, & Andrews, J.R. Effects of bat grip on baseball hitting kinematics. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 25: 203-209, 2009.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., DeRenne, C., Taylor, M.K., Moorman, C.T., Imamura, R., Barakatt, E, & Andrews, J.R. A comparison of age level on baseball hitting kinematics. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 25: 210-218, 2009.
Escamilla, R.F., Zheng, N., Imamura, R., MacLeod, T.D., Edwards, W.B., Hreljac, A., Fleisig, G.S., Wilk, K.E., Moorman, C.T. III, & Andrews, J.R. Patellofemoral compressive force and stress during the one leg squat and wall squat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(4): 879-888, 2009.
Escamilla, R.F., Zheng, N., Imamura, R., MacLeod, T.D., Edwards, W.B., Hreljac, A., Fleisig, G.S., Wilk, K.E., Moorman, C.T. III, & Andrews, J.R. Cruciate ligament force during the wall squat and one leg squat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(2): 408-417, 2009.
Escamilla, R.F., Zheng, N., Imamura, R., MacLeod, T.D., Edwards, W.B., Hreljac, A., Fleisig, G.S., Wilk, K.E., Moorman, C.T. III, & Andrews, J.R. Patellofemoral compressive force and stress between a short and long step forward lunge. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 38:11, 681-690, 2008.
Escamilla, R.F., Zheng, N., MacLeod, T.D., Edwards, W.B., Hreljac, A., Fleisig, G.S., Wilk, K.E., Moorman, C.T. III, & Imamura, R. Patellofemoral compressive force and stress during the forward and side lunge with and without stride. Clinical Biomechanics, 23:8, 1026-1037, 2008.
Escamilla, R.F., Barrentine, S.W., Fleisig, G.S. Zheng, N., Takada, Y., Kingsley, D., & Andrews, J.R. Pitching biomechanics as a pitcher approaches muscular fatigue during a simulated baseball game. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35:1, 23-33, 2007.
Escamilla, R.F., Babb, E., DeWitt, R., Jew, P., Kelleher, P., Burnham, T., Busch, J., D’Anna, K., Mowbray, R., & Imamura, R.T. An electromyographic analysis of traditional and non-traditional abdominal exercises: implications for rehabilitation and training. Physical Therapy, 86:5, 656-671, 2006.
Escamilla, R.F., McTaggart, M.S.C., Fricklas, E.J., DeWitt, R., Kelleher, P., Taylor, M.K., Hreljac, A., & Moorman, C.T. An electromyographic analysis of commercial and common abdominal exercises: implications for rehabilitation and training. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 36:2, 45-57, 2006.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Andrews, J.R., & Moorman, C.T., III. Kinematic and kinetic comparisons between american and korean professional baseball pitchers. Sports Biomechanics, 1(2): 213-228, 2002.
Escamilla, R.F., Francisco, A.C., Kayes, A.V., Speer, K.P., & Moorman, C.T., III. An electromyographic analysis of sumo and conventional style deadlifts. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(4): 682-688, 2002.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Zheng, N., Lander, J.E., Barrentine, S.W., Bergemann, B.W., Andrews, J.R., & Moorman, C.T., III. Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the dynamic squat and leg press exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(9): 1552-1566, 2001.
Escamilla, R.F., Lowry, T.M., Osbaryl, D.C., & Speer, K.P. A biomechanical analysis of sumo and conventional deadlifts during the 1999 special olympics world games. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(8): 1345-1353, 2001.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Lowry, T.M., Barrentine, S.W., & Andrews, J.R. A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of the squat during varying stance widths. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(6): 984-998, 2001.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Zheng, N., Barrentine, S.W., & Andrews, J.R. Kinematic comparisons of 1996 olympic baseball pitchers. Journal of Sports Science, 19: 665-676, 2001.
Escamilla, R.F. Knee biomechanics of the dynamic squat exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(1): 127-141, 2001.
Escamilla, R.F., Francisco, A.C., Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Welch, C.M., Kayes, A.V., Speer, K.P., & Andrews, J.R. A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of sumo and conventional style deadlifts. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32 (7): 1265-1275, 2000.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Andrews, J.R, & Speer, K.P. Effects of throwing overweight and underweight balls on baseball throwing and pitching. Sports Medicine, 29(4): 259-272, 2000.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Zheng, N., Barrentine, S.W., Wilk, K.E., & Andrews, J.R.
Biomechanics of the knee during closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain
exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(4): 556-569, 1998.
Escamilla, R.F., Fleisig, G.S., Barrentine, S.W., Zheng, N., & Andrews, J.R. Kinematic
comparisons of throwing different types of baseball pitches. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 14(1):1-23, 1998.
Select Sample of Book Chapters:
Escamilla, R.F. Electromyographic activity during upper extremity sports. In K.E. Wilk, M.M. Reinold, & J.R. Andrews (Eds), The Athletes Shoulder (pp 385-400). Churchill Livingstone Elsevier: Philadelphia, 2009.
Escamilla, R.F. Open and closed kinetic chain rehabilitation for the upper extremity. In K.E. Wilk, M.M. Reinold, & J.R. Andrews (Eds), The Athletes Shoulder (pp 603-625). Churchill Livingstone Elsevier: Philadelphia, 2009.
Escamilla, R.F. & Wickham, R. Exercise based conditioning and rehabilitation. In G. Kolt & L. Snyder-Mackler (Eds), 2nd Edition, Physical Therapies in Sports and Exercise (pp 149-170). Churchill Livingstone Elsevier: Philadelphia, 2007.
Escamilla, R.F. Exercise testing and prescription. In K.P. Speer (Ed), Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation for Active Older Adults (pp. 19-47). Human Kinetics: Champaign, 2005.
Escamilla, R.F. & Wickham, R. Exercise based conditioning and rehabilitation. In G. Kolt & L. Snyder-Mackler (Eds), Physical Therapies in Sports and Exercise. Churchill Livingstone: 2003.
Escamilla, R.F., Lander, J.E., & Garhammer, J. Biomechanics of Powerlifting and Weightlifting Exercises. In W.E. Garrett & D.T. Kirkendall (Eds), Exercise and Sport Science (pp. 585-615). Lippincott Williams & Wilkens: Philadelphia, 2000.
Escamilla, R.F. Normal and abnormal muscle and ligament physiology. In G.J.
Sammarco (Ed.), Rehabilitation of The Foot and Ankle (pp. 77-94). Mosby: St. Louis, 1995.
Select Sample of Professional Presentations:
Cruciate Ligament Tensile Forces During Lunging with Varying Techniques. Presented at the 56th annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Seattle, WA, May 2009.
Biomechanical and EMG Anlaysis of Specific Lower Extremity Exercises. Presented at the 2009 Injuries in Football Course, Andrews-Paulos Research and Education Institute, Pensacola Beach, FL, April 2009.
Squat and Lunge Exercises for Knee Rehabilitation. Presented at the 27th Annual Injuries in Baseball Course, American Sports Medicine Institute, Houston, TX, January 2009.
Four Week Training Program for Adolescent Baseball Players. Presented at the 27th Annual Injuries in Baseball Course, American Sports Medicine Institute, Houston, TX, January 2009.
Biomechanics and EMG in Rehabilitation of Patellofemoral Joint. 2008 Team Concept Conference, Sports Section of the American Physical Therapy Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, Dec 2008.
Biomechanical Analysis and EMG Activity as it Relates to ACL and/or PCL. 2008 Team Concept Conference, Sports Section of the American Physical Therapy Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, Dec 2008.
Which Exercise are Best for Glenohumeral and Scapulothoracic Muscles. 2008 Team Concept Conference, Sports Section of the American Physical Therapy Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, Dec 2008.
Essentials of Strength and Conditioning Symposium. 2008 California Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference, Oakland, CA, September 2008.
Patellofemoral Compressive Force and Stress During the Forward and Side Lunge With and Without a Stride. 55th annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, May 2008.
Shoulder and Elbow Biomechanics and Pathomechanics of the Overhead Throwing Athlete. 55th annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, May 2008.
Biomechanics of the throwing shoulder. 26th Annual Injuries in Baseball Course, American Sports Medicine Institute, Columbia, SC, January 2008.
Biomechanics of the throwing elbow. 26th Annual Injuries in Baseball Course, American Sports Medicine Institute, Columbia, SC, January 2008.
Patellofemoral force and stress during the long and short step forward lunge. 2007 California Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference, Los Angeles, CA, September 2007.
Cruciate ligament force between the forward lunge and side lunge with and without a stride. 2007 California Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference, Los Angeles, CA, September 2007.
Cruciate Ligament Force During the Wall Squat and One Leg Squat. 31tst Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, Palo Alto, CA, August 2007.
Cruciate Ligament Force Between the Forward Lunge Long and Short With and Without a Stride. 31tst Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, Palo Alto, CA, August 2007.
Training and rehabilitation implications for the trunk and extremities while performing swiss ball and conventional exercises: An electromyographic analysis. 15th International World Confederation for Physical Therapy Congress, Vancouver, Canada, June 2007.
An Electromyographic Analysis of Plank and Swiss Ball Exercises: Training and Rehabilitation Implications. 54th annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, New Orleans, LA, May 2007.
Knee Biomechanics during Closed Chain Exercises. 25th Annual Injuries in Baseball Course, American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, AL, January 2007.
Patellofemoral stress and muscle activity during common knee rehabilitation exercises. 3rd Congress of the International Association of Physical Therapists Working with Older People, Istanbul, Turkey, November 2006.
Strength and aerobic training for the older individual and exercise prescription. 3rd Congress of the International Association of Physical Therapists Working with Older People, Istanbul, Turkey, November 2006.
Shoulder problems in older individuals: Evaluation and conservative treatment. 3rd Congress of the International Association of Physical Therapists Working with Older People, Istanbul, Turkey, November 2006.
An electromyographic analysis of training and rehabilitation exercises using the swiss ball. 2006 California Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference, San Jose, CA, October 2006.
Patellofemoral forces and stresses during lunge exercises. 30th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, Blacksburg, Virginia, September 2006.
Patellofemoral forces and stresses during squat exercises. 30th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, Blacksburg, Virginia, September 2006.
The Biomechanics and pathomechanics of specific overhead sports movements. 2006 Annual Conference and Scientific Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association, Orlando, FL, June 2006.
Core stability: Integration with lower extremity rehabilitation. 2006 Annual Conference and Scientific Exposition of the American Physical Therapy Association, Orlando, FL, June 2006.
A biomechanical analysis of squatting and lunging type exercises. 53rd annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Denver, CO, June 2006.
Biomechanics, injury mechanisms, and rehabilitation of the knee. Sportsmedicine Symposium, Chicago, IL, March 2006, New York, NY, May 2006.
Open and closed kinetic chain exercises for the lower extremity. 24th Annual Injuries in Baseball Course, American Sports Medicine Institute, Woodland Hills, CA, January 2006.
Changes in swing mechanics with choking up. 24th Annual Injuries in Baseball Course, American Sports Medicine Institute, Woodland Hills, CA, January 2006.
