EXPERIENCE

2001 to present, Professor and Chair, Division of Criminal Justice, California State University-Sacramento: administration of department, teaching and research in areas of policing, investigation and justice policy; advisor to criminal justice honor society; advising undergraduates and graduates.

1996 to 2000, Associate Professor, Division of Criminal Justice, California State University-Sacramento: teaching investigations, interviewing and detection of deception, police and society and current issues in police administration and advising undergraduate majors.

1994 to 1996, Assistant Professor, Department of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh: teaching introduction to criminal justice, investigations, police and society, and criminal justice management; advising undergraduate criminal justice majors; reviewing MPA projects and supervising internships. 

1967 to 1994; Special Agent, Program Manager, Group Supervisor, Resident Agent in Charge and Special Agent in Charge--Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms: law enforcement, management, policy analysis, and training. Training experience includes development of curriculum for State and Local Law Enforcement Training Program at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center and oversight of this program during its first year.

Spring 1994, Lecturer, Department of Criminology, California State University, Fresno.

1965 to 1967, Deputy Sheriff, Fresno County Sheriff's Department working in both patrol and the jail

EDUCATION

DPA, University of Southern California – 1993, emphasis in administrative theory and behavior, public policy, and criminal justice; dissertation:  “Evolution of Gun Control Policy in the United States: Accessing the Public Agenda.”

MS, Public Administration, California State University Bakersfield - 1974.

BS, Criminology, California State University Fresno - 1967.

PUBLICATIONS

“An Alternate Interpretation of Police Attire,” Police Forum, 18:8, 2009.

“The FBI, A One Hundred Year Retrospective,” Public Administration Review, 68:6, 2008.

“Federal Police and Law Enforcement Agencies,” The Encyclopedia of Police Science, 3^rd Ed. NY: Routledge, 2007.

“Transforming the FBI: A Challenge of Culture, Resources and Mission,” Public Administration Review, 66:5, 2006.

Crime, Truth and Justice: Official Inquiry, Discourse, Knowledge,” Law and Politics Book Review, 14:5, May 2004.

“Can Gun Control Work,” Law and Politics Book Review, 13:1, Jan. 2003.

“Planning for a Change in Careers: From Practice to Academia,” The Police Chief, June 2002.

Shots in the Dark: Policy Politics and Symbolism of Gun Control (Boulder: Roman and Littlefield) 2000.

Chapter on Organizational Communications in Richard Stillman, Public Administration: Cases and Concepts 7^th Ed (Houghton Miffin) 2000.

“Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms,” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2000.

“Re-examining Firearms Investigations,” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 68:5 May 1999, 1-6.

“The Gun Control Act of 1968,” St. Louis U. Public Law Review 1999, 79-97.

“No More Wacos: A Book Review Essay,” Police Quarterly, 2:1, 1998, 111-19.

In the Crossfire: A Political History of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (Boulder: Lynne Rienner) 1997.

"Reassessing Bittner's Thesis: Understanding Coercion and the Police in Light of Waco and the Los Angeles Riots," Police Studies, Winter 1996.

"The Impact of Agenda Conflict on Policy Formulation and Implementation: The Case of Gun Control," Public Administration Review, Jul/Aug 1995.

"The Police Officer and Federal Firearms Laws," The Police Chief, Aug. 1981.

With Lyman Shaffer, "Increased Automatic Weapons Use," The Police Chief, May 1981.

NEWSPAPER, RADIO & TELEVISION

“Ballistic Data Base is a Double Edged Weapon,” Newsday, 10/10/02

On air commentator for specials on ATF for History Channel and Discovery Channel, NPR, Wisconsin Public Radio, ABC News, Fox News, The News Hour and numerous local outlets. 

Source for major stories for New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Washington Monthly, Chicago Tribune, Christian Science Monitor, Cincinnati Post, Cleveland Pain Dealer, Buffalo News, Seattle Post Intelligencer, Seattle Times, Oakland Tribune, Sacramento Bee and Congressional Quarterly.

REPORTS, STUDIES AND EXPERT TESTIMONY

Department Review, Department of Criminology, California State University-Fresno, March 2005.

Coordinator for Lower Division Transfer Pattern in Criminal Justice for California State University System, coordinate representatives from all campuses and prepared final recommendations, 2005.

Consultant and expert witness for Leahey and Johnson in the matter of NAACP et al v Acusport et al, Eastern District of NY, 2002-2003.

With Miki Vohryzek-Bolden, et al, "Evaluation of Multi-Jurisdictional Drug Task Forces in California," California Office of Criminal Justice Planning, 2003.

With Michael McCrystle, “Firearm Training Standards for the California Department of Corrections and California Youth Authority,” 2002.

With George Bohlinger, "Final Report: Justice-Treasury State and Local Law Enforcement Program," 1983. 

PAPERS, PANELS AND PRESENTATIONS

“The Case for Firearms Registration and Licensing,” presented to the American Society of Criminology, Toronto, Canada, November, 1999.

“The Unique American Relationship with Firearms,” presented at First Annual International Conference on Crime and Public Policy in the Pacific Rim, San Francisco, CA, August, 24, 1999.

“An Alternative Conceptualization of the Utility of Firearms Laws,” presented to the American Society of Criminology, Washington, DC, November 13, 1998.

Participant by invitation, Scholars for the Second Amendment seminar, San Francisco, CA, January 8-10, 1998.

Discussant by invitation, “Author Meets Critic, No More Wacos,” American Society of Criminology, San Diego, CA, November 21, 1997.

Discussant by invitation, Roundtable on Militias, The Second Amendment and the State.  American Political Science Association, San Francisco, CA, August 29, 1996

"Examining the Role of Force in Policing in Light of Waco and the Los Angeles Riots," a Dean's symposium presented to the faculty of University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, May 3, 1995.

"Practical Implications of Crafting for Compromise: The Case of Assault Weapons," presented to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Boston, MA, March 10, 1995.

"Expanding the Police Use of Force Agenda," presented to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Boston, MA, March 10, 1995.

"Evolution of Gun Control Policy," presented to American Society of Criminology, Phoenix, AZ, October 30, 1993.

LEGISLATIVE TESTIMONY

California State Assembly, Speakers Commission on Police Conduct, December 5, 2002.

California State Assembly, Public Safety Committee, Committee on Gun Safety, December 2, 1999.

ASSOCIATIONS & AGENDA

American Society for Public Administration, Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, American Society of Criminology.

Areas of interest: role and function of police in democratic society; interaction between politics, policy and bureaucracy; crime policy; gun control policy and the history and role of federal criminal justice policy.